Not to everyone's taste but "Too Like the Lightning" is an all time favorite of mine

It's extremely sociologically rich, some of the best world building I've ever seen

Too Like the Lightning is one of the most creative works of science fiction in the past ten years and the second most enjoyable sci-fi I've ever read. I recommend it with extreme strength and suspect you'll enjoy it as well

Too Like the Lightning, absolutely

The Terra Ignota series is incredibly thought-provoking sci-fi written by a an accomplished historian. Highly recommended.

I don’t know if Too Like the Lightning counts as Sci-Fi but it is extraordinary world building and thinking through of a setup

The science fiction that stretched my head the most in the past couple of years is @Ada_Palmer's four book Terra Ignota series starting with Too Like the Lightning. Her historical essays collected on her Ex Urbe blog are also amazing and will give an on ramp to how she thinks